o Cirque or Corris
- They are deep, long, and wide troughs or basins with very steep concave to vertically dropping high walls at its head as well as sides.
- They are simply bowl-shaped depression formed due to the erosional activity of glaciers.
- When these depressions are filled with water, they are called Cirque lake or Corrie Lake, or Tarn Lakes.
o Hanging Valleys or U-shaped Valleys, Fjords/fiords
- The Glacier doesn‘t create a new valley like a river does but deepens and widens a pre-existing valley by smoothening away the irregularities.
- These valleys, which are formed by the glacial erosions assume the shape of the letter ‗U‘ and hence are called U-shaped Valleys or Hanging Valleys.
- A fjord is a very deep glacial trough filled with seawater and making up shorelines.
- A fjord is formed when a glacier cuts a U-shaped valley by ice segregation and abrasion of the surrounding bedrock and this valley gradually gets filled with seawater (formed in mountains nearby sea).
o Horns and Aretes
- Horns are sharp-pointed and steep-sided peaks.
- They are formed by headward erosion of the cirque wall.
- When the divide between two cirque walls gets narrow because of progressive erosions, it results in the formation of a saw-toothed ridge called Arete.
o NOTE:
Sea Stack: Continued erosion, under the attack of the wave, can result in the total collapse of
an arch. The seaward portion of the headland will remain as an isolated pillar of rock known as a
stack. Like all other features, sea stacks are also temporary and eventually, the stack will also
disappear.